SHARPEN YOUR CRITICAL THINKING

In repeated experiments, psychologists have shown we’re much more likely to accept something as evidence if it confirms what we already think. Conversely, we are much more likely to discount information if it contradicts our views. It’s what’s known as “confirmation bias.” It operates at an unconscious level – affecting our ability to process information, especially for issues which are emotionally charged or where our views are deeply held.

So many discussions take place on social media, where algorithms reward our desire for acknowledgement. But in life, most situations are nuanced and complicated. Even something that seems totally obvious can be more nuanced than you think. For example, what colour is the sky? The obvious answer is blue. But at sunrise or sunset, it can be red. On a cold misty morning, white or grey; at night, midnight blue or black.

When disagreeing with someone one approach is to let go of the idea of being “right”, or at least be open to the idea that you might be wrong. Putting yourself in another person’s shoes can lead to more productive outcomes. Try to practise “intellectual empathy” - but remember it can be challenging and can only work when both parties engage in good faith.

It’s important to know where your information is coming from. Be aware of ulterior motives and vested interests. Being literate in the basics of scientific methodology, the use of data and the way information is presented are all weapons in your arsenal when it comes to critical thinking.

Whether engaging in debates online or in person, it’s very easy to resort to fallacies. A common tactic is the “ad hominem” fallacy, where you discount an idea because of your opinion of the person making it, which can lead to name-calling.